Stanisław Lem Google Doodle.

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url : www.google.de


1. Stanisław Lem dilahirkan pada September 12, 1921, di Lwów, Poland (yang kini Ukraine). Beliau dibesarkan Roman Katolik tetapi menjadi seorang ateis "atas sebab-sebab moral".

2. Semasa Perang Dunia II, sebagai warga Poland dengan keturunan Yahudi, Lem terselamat dengan kertas palsu, yang bekerja sebagai mekanik kereta dan pengimpal. Selepas berpindah ke Krakow selepas perang, beliau mempelajari ilmu perubatan tetapi sengaja gagal supaya tidak wajib untuk menjadi seorang doktor tentera.

3. Pada tahun 1946, karya sastera Lem, di puisi masa itu, mula-mula diterbitkan juga sebagai satu siri fiksyen AS popular 'novel ketip'. Pada tahun yang sama, kerja-kerja fiksyen sains pertama Lem, Człowiek z Marsa (Manusia dari Marikh), bersiri dalam majalah Nowy Świat Przygód (New World Adventures).

4. Novel yang pertama, Astronauci (Angkasawan) terpaksa untuk merangkumi banyak rujukan kepada "masa depan yang gemilang komunisme" sebagai Lem bertulis semasa era Stalinisme, di mana semua kerja-kerja yang diterbitkan telah diluluskan oleh rejim komunis.

5. Beliau diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa untuk kerja, Cyberiad, yang merupakan satu siri cerita pendek yang lucu dari alam semesta mekanik yang didiami oleh robot. Buku ini pertama kali diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggeris pada tahun 1974.

6. Pada tahun 1973, Lem telah dibuat seorang ahli kehormat Penulis Fiksyen Sains Amerika, walaupun dari segi teknikal yang tidak layak dan kritikan terbuka fiksyen sains Amerika.

7. Beliau yang terkenal 1961 novel Solaris, yang memberi tumpuan kepada kekurangan muktamad komunikasi antara spesis manusia dan bukan manusia, telah dibuat ke masa filem tiga, yang paling baru-baru ini pada tahun 2002 dibintangi oleh George Clooney.

8. Digambarkan sebagai penulis fiksyen sains yang telah dibaca secara meluas di dunia, Lem menjual lebih 27 juta naskhah buku beliau, yang turut telah diterjemahkan ke dalam 41 bahasa yang berlainan. Terjemahan adalah sukar sekalipun, sebagai Lem sering menulis dalam pembentukan perkataan puns, rumit dan bahasa asing / robot.

9. Pada tahun 1996, Lem telah membuat Knight Order of White Eagle, hiasan Poland anugerah tertinggi bagi kedua-dua orang awam dan tentera.

10. Lem meninggal dunia berumur 84 pada 27 Mac, 2006, di Krakow, Poland, akibat penyakit jantung.

1. Stanisław Lem was born on September 12, 1921, in Lwów, Poland (which is now Ukraine). He was brought up Roman Catholic but became an atheist “for moral reasons”.

2. During World War II, as a Polish citizen with Jewish ancestry, Lem survived with fake papers, working as a car mechanic and welder. After relocating to Krakow after the war, he studied medicine but purposely failed so as not to be obliged to become a military doctor.

3. In 1946, Lem literary work, at that time poetry, was first published as well as a series of US popular fiction ‘dime novels’. In the same year, Lem’s first science fiction work, Człowiek z Marsa (The Man from Mars), was serialised in the magazine Nowy Świat Przygód (New World of Adventures).

4. His first novel, Astronauci (The Astronauts) was forced to include many references to the “glorious future of communism” as Lem was writing during the Stalinism era, where all published work had to be approved by the communist regime.

5. He was internationally recognised for his work, The Cyberiad, which was a series of humorous short stories from a mechanical universe inhabited by robots. The book was first published in English in 1974.

6. In 1973, Lem was made an honorary member of the Science Fiction Writers of America, despite being technically ineligible and his open criticism of American science fiction.

7. His famous 1961 novel Solaris, which focuses on the ultimate inadequacy of communication between human and non-human species, has been made into a feature film three time, most recently in 2002 starring George Clooney.

8. Described as the most widely read science fiction writer in the world, Lem sold over 27 million copies of his books, which were also translated into 41 different languages. Translation was difficult though, as Lem often wrote in elaborate word formation, puns and alien/robotic language.

9. In 1996, Lem was made a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, Poland’s highest decoration award for both civilians and the military.

10. Lem died aged 84 on March 27, 2006, in Krakow, Poland, from heart disease.