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BALLPOINT PEN
Thefirst non-leaking ballpoint pen was invented in 1935 by the Hungarianbrothers Lazlo and Georg Biro. Lazlo was a chemist and Georg was anewspaper editor.A ballpoint marker had been invented much earlier (in 1888 by JohnLoud, an American leather tanner, who used the device for markingleather) but Loud's marker leaked, making it impractical for everydayuse. A new type of ink had to be developed; this is what the Birobrothers did. The brothers patented their invention and then opened thefirst ballpoint manufacturing plant in Argentina, South America.

BAND-AID®
Bandagesfor wounds had been around since ancient times, but an easy-to-usedressing with an adhesive was invented by Earle Dickson (a cotton buyerat the Johnson & Johnson company). Dickson perfected the BAND-AID®in 1920, making a small, sterile adhesive bandage for home use. Dicksoninvented the BAND-AID® for his wife, who had many kitchen accidents andneeded an easy-to-use wound dressing. Dickson was rewarded by theJohnson & Johnson company by being made a vice-president of thecompany.

BAR CODE
Barcodes (also called Universal Product Codes or UPC's) are small, codedlabels that contain information about the item they are attached to;the information is contained in a numerical code, usually containing 12digits. UPC's are easily scanned by laser beams. UPC's are used on manythings, including most items for sale in stores, library books,inventory items, many packages and pieces of luggage being shipped,railroad cars, etc. The UPC may contain coded information about theitem, its manufacturer, place of origin, destination, the owner, orother data. The first "bullseye code" was invented by Norman JosephWoodland and Bernard Silver, from work which they began in 1948. OnOctober 20, 1949, they patented their bullseye code (a series ofconcentric circles that were scannable from all directions, usingregular light). Woodland and Silver patented a new UPC in October 1952;the UPC was also improved and adapted by David J. Collins in the late1950's (to track railroad cars). UPC's were first used in grocerystores in the early 1970's.

BASKETBALL
The game of basketball was invented by James Naismith(1861-1939). Naismith was a Canadian physical education instructor whoinvented the game in 1891 so that his students could participate insports during the winter. In his original game, which he developedwhile at the Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA (Young Men's ChristianAssociation), Naismith used a soccer ball which was thrown into peachbaskets (with the basket bottoms intact). The first public basketballgame was in Springfield, MA, USA, on March 11, 1892. Basketball wasfirst played at the Olympics in Berlin Germany in 1936 (America won thegold medal, and Naismith was there).

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